WikiPasokh - Sumbangan pengguna [ms]

Serangan ke atas rumah Fatimah dalam sumber-sumber Ahli Sunah

2026-02-23T05:37:38Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{شروع متن}}
{{سوال}}
Is the incident of the attack on the house of Lady Fatimah (a) also mentioned in Sunni sources?
{{پایان سوال}}
{{پاسخ}}
{{درگاه|Fatimiyya}}Some [[Sunnis]], regarding the life of [[Lady Fatimah (a)|Lady Fatimah Zahra (a)]], have pointed to the lack of authentic documents concerning the incident of the [[attack on the house of Lady Fatimah (a)|attack on her house]] and the miscarriage of [[Muhsin ibn Ali (a)|Muhsin ibn Ali (a)]] in this event. They also consider the explicit mention of the [[martyrdom of Lady Fatimah (a)]] to be without reliable documentation in historical and narrative sources. Nevertheless, numerous sources among Sunni historical and narrative books refer to the issue of the attack on Lady Zahra's house by [[Umar ibn al-Khattab]] and by order of [[Abu Bakr]], some of which have been trusted by Sunni scholars.

== Attack on the House in Sunni Sources ==
In Sunni sources, both historical and narrative, the incident of the attack on Lady Zahra's (a) house has been mentioned. The most important of these are listed below:
* [[Ibn Abi Shaybah]], one of the great Sunni scholars (d. 235 AH), in his book ''Musannaf fi al-Ahadith wa al-Athar'', narrates an account of Umar ibn al-Khattab's attack on Fatimah Zahra's (a) house: {{متن عربی|حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، نا عُبَیدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا زَیدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِیهِ أَسْلَمَ أَنَّهُ حِینَ بُویعَ لِأَبِی بَکرٍ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَیهِ وَسَلَّمَ کانَ عَلِی وَالزُّبَیرُ یدْخُلَانِ عَلَى فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَیهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَیشَاوِرُونَهَا وَیرْتَجِعُونَ فِی أَمْرِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِک عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ خَرَجَ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى فَاطِمَةَ فَقَالَ: «یا بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَیهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَاللَّهِ مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَینَا مِنْ أَبِیک، وَمَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَینَا بَعْدَ أَبِیک مِنْک، وَایمُ اللَّهِ مَا ذَاک بِمَانِعِی إِنِ اجْتَمَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ النَّفَرُ عِنْدَک، أَنْ أَمَرْتُهُمْ أَنْ یحَرَّقَ عَلَیهِمِ الْبَیتُ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ عُمَرُ جَاءُوهَا فَقَالَتْ: تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَدْ جَاءَنِی وَقَدْ حَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ لَئِنْ عُدْتُمْ لَیحَرِّقَنَّ عَلَیکمُ الْبَیتَ وَایمُ اللَّهِ لَیمْضِینَّ لِمَا حَلَفَ عَلَیهِ…|ترجمه=When people pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr, Ali and Zubayr were discussing and consulting in Fatimah's house. This news reached Umar ibn al-Khattab. He came to Fatimah's house and said: O daughter of the Messenger of God! The most beloved person to us is your father, and after him, you are the most beloved to us. But by God, this love will not prevent me from ordering them to burn down the house if these people gather in your house. He said this and left. When Ali [peace be upon him] and Zubayr returned to the house, the noble daughter of the Prophet said to Ali [peace be upon them] and Zubayr: Umar came to me and swore by God that if you gather again, he will burn down the house on you. By God! He will carry out what he has sworn!}}<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=المُصَنَّف فی الأحادیث والآثار|سال=1409|نام=Abdullah ibn Muhammad|نام خانوادگی=Abi Shaybah |ناشر=Dar al-Fikr|جلد=8|صفحه=572|زبان=Arabic|مکان=Beirut|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>
* [[Baladhuri]] (d. 279 AH), in his book ''[[Ansab al-Ashraf]]'', narrates an account of taking allegiance from Lady Ali (a). He writes: {{متن عربی|بعث أبوبکر عمربن الخطاب إلى علی حین قعد عن بیعته، و قال: ائتنی به بأعنف العنف…|ترجمه=When Ali refused to pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr, Abu Bakr sent Umar ibn al-Khattab after him and told him: Bring Ali to me with the utmost harshness...}}<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Ansab al-Ashraf|سال=1417|نام=Ahmad ibn Yahya ibn Jabir|نام خانوادگی= al-Baladhuri|ناشر=Dar al-Fikr|جلد=1|صفحه=587|زبان=Arabic|مکان=Beirut|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>
* Baladhuri, a great Sunni hadith scholar, narrates: Abu Bakr sent for Ali (a) to pledge allegiance, but Ali (a) refused. Then Umar moved with a wick (incendiary) and met Fatimah at the door of the house. Fatimah said: O son of Khattab, I see you are trying to burn my house?! Umar said: Yes, this act helps what your father was sent for!<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Ansab al-Ashraf|سال=1338|نام=Ahmad ibn Yahya|نام خانوادگی=Baladhuri|ناشر=Mu'assasat al-A'lami lil-Matbu'at|صفحه=586|مکان=Beirut - Lebanon}}</ref>
* [[Ibn Qutaybah]] writes: Abu Bakr inquired about those who refused to pledge allegiance to him and gathered in Ali's house, and sent Umar after them. He came to Ali's (a) door and called everyone to come out, but they refused to leave the house. At this point, Umar asked for firewood and said: By God, in whose hand is Umar's soul, either you come out or I will burn the house with you. A man said to Umar: O [[Abu Hafs]] (Umar's kunya), Fatimah, the daughter of the Prophet, is in this house. He said: So be it! Ibn Qutaybah writes the rest of this story in a more poignant and painful way. He says: Umar came to Fatimah's door with a group. They knocked on the door. When Fatimah heard their voices, she cried out loudly: O Messenger of God, after you, what calamities have befallen us from the son of Khattab and the son of Abu Quhafah! The people who were with Umar, when they heard Zahra's voice and her crying, turned back; but Umar remained with a group and brought Ali out of the house, took him to Abu Bakr, and told him: Pledge allegiance; Ali (a) said: What if I don't pledge allegiance? They said: By God, besides whom there is no god, we will cut off your neck.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah|سال=1410|نام=Abdullah ibn Muslim|نام خانوادگی=Ibn Qutaybah|ناشر=Dar al-Adwa|صفحه=12|مکان=Beirut - Lebanon}}</ref>
* [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari]] I (d. 310 AH), in his book ''[[Tarikh al-Tabari]]'', narrates an account concerning the incident of the attack on Fatimah Zahra's (a) house: {{متن عربی|حدثنا ابن حمید قال حدثنا جریر عن مغیرة عن زیاد بن کلیب قال: «أتى عمر بن الخطاب منزل علی وفیه طلحة والزبیر ورجال من المهاجرین فقال والله لاحرقن علیکم أو لتخرجن إلى البیعة فخرج علیه الزبیر مصلتا بالسیف فعثر فسقط السیف من یده فوثبوا علیه فأخذوه|ترجمه=Umar ibn al-Khattab came to the house of Ali ibn Abi Talib (a), and Talhah, Zubayr, and some men from the Muhajirun were in the house. He shouted: By God, if you do not come out and pledge allegiance, I will burn down the house...}}.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk|سال=|نام=Abi Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir|نام خانوادگی= al-Tabari |ناشر=al-A'lami lil-Matbu'at|جلد=2|صفحه=443|زبان=Arabic|مکان=Beirut|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>
* Tabari writes: Umar ibn al-Khattab came to Ali's house while a group of Muhajirun had gathered there. He turned to them and said: Zubayr came out of the house with a drawn sword. Suddenly, his foot slipped, the sword fell from his hand, and others rushed at him and seized him.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Tarikh Tabari|سال=303|نام=Muhammad ibn Jarir ibn Yazid|نام خانوادگی=Tabari|جلد=2|صفحه=443}}</ref>
* [[Ibn Abd Rabbih]] (d. 328 AH), regarding the night of the attack on Fatimah's (a) house, writes: {{متن عربی|اَلَّذِینَ تَخَلَّفُوا عَنْ بَیْعَهِ أبِی‌بَکرٍ… فَأمّا عَلِیٌّ وَ الْعَبّاسُ وَ الزُبَیْرُ فَقَعَدُوا فِی بَیْتِ فاطِمَهَ حَتّی بَعَثَ إلَیْهِمْ أبُوبَکرٍ، عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطّابِ؛ لِیُخْرِجَهُمْ مِنْ بَیْتِ فاطِمَهَ، وَ قالَ لَهُ:إنْ أبَوْا فَقاتِلْهُمْ! فَأقْبَلَ عُمَرُ بِقَبَسٍ مِنْ نارٍ عَلی أنْ یُضْرِمَ عَلَیْهِمُ الدّارَ…|ترجمه=Those who refused to pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr... As for Ali, Abbas, and Zubayr, they remained in Fatimah's house until Abu Bakr sent Umar ibn al-Khattab to them to bring them out of Fatimah's house; and he told him: If they refuse, fight them! So Umar came with a flame of fire to set the house on fire with them.}}.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Al-Iqd al-Farid|سال=1353|نام=|نام خانوادگی=Ibn Abd Rabbih|ناشر=Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah|جلد=3|صفحه=64|زبان=Arabic|مکان=Cairo|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>
* [[Mas'udi]] (d. 346 AH)<ref group="Note">Regarding Mas'udi's character, there are disagreements among researchers. Sunni sources indicate that he was a follower of the Sunni school. Dhahabi introduces Mas'udi as a Mu'tazili, and he has mentioned this in his works, including ''Siyar A'lam al-Nubala'' and ''Tadhkirat al-Huffaz''. In contrast, Subki, in ''al-Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyyah al-Kubra'', refers to him as a follower of the Shafi'i school. This diversity of views indicates a difference of opinion among historical sources regarding his religious inclination. (See Shahroudi, Ali (<bdi>1403</bdi>). "A Study of the Authenticity of Narrations of the Attack on Fatimah Zahra's House in Shi'a Sources". ''Islamical''. '''First''' (1): <bdi>6–40</bdi>.)</ref> writes in his book "[[Muruj al-Dhahab]]": {{متن عربی|وَ کانَ عُروَةُ بنُ الزُبَیرِ یُعَذِّرُ أخاهُ عَبدَاللهِ فِی حَصرِ بَنِـی‌هاشِـمٍ فِی الشِعبِ وَ جَمعِهِ الحَطَبَ لِیُحرِقَهُم وَ یَقُولُ: إنَّما أرادَ بِذلِک ألّا تَنتَشِرَ الکلِمَةُ وَ لایَختَلِفَ المُسلِمُونَ وَ أن یَدخُلُوا فِی الطاعَةِ فَتَکونَ الکلِمَةُ واحِدَةً، کما فَعَلَ عُمَرُبنُ الخَطّابِ بِبَنِی‌هاشِمٍ لَمّا تَأخَّرُوا عَن بَیعَـةِ أبِی‌بَکرٍ، فَإنَّهُ أحضَرَ الحَطَبَ لِیُحرِقَ عَلَیهِم الدارَ.|ترجمه=Urwah ibn al-Zubayr would excuse his brother Abdullah [ibn al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam] for besieging Banu Hashim in the valley [in Mecca] and gathering firewood to burn them, saying: He only did this so that disunity and dispersion would not occur, and Muslims would not differ among themselves, and that they (Banu Hashim) would obey him and thus become united; just as Umar ibn al-Khattab did this to Banu Hashim when they delayed pledging allegiance to Abu Bakr. So he indeed prepared firewood to burn down the house on them.}}.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Muruj al-Dhahab|سال=1283|نام=|نام خانوادگی=Mas'udi|ناشر=Bulaq|جلد=2|صفحه=79|زبان=Arabic|مکان=|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>
* [[Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Juwayni]] (d. 730 AH), a Sunni scholar, narrates from [[Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)]] in his book "[[Fara'id al-Simtayn]]": {{متن عربی|أنبأنی الشیخ ابوطالب علی بن أنجب بن عبید الله بن الخازن عن کتاب الامام برهان الدین أبی الفتح ناصر بن أبی المکارم المطرزی عن أبی المؤید ابن الموفق، أنبانا علی بن أحمد بن موسی الدقاق قال: أنبانا محمد ابن أبی عبدالله الکوفی، قال: أنبانا موسى بن عمران النخعی، عن عمه الحسین بن یزید النوفلی، عن الحسن بن علی بن أبی حمزة، عن أبیه، عن سعید بن جبیر، عن ابن‌عباس، قال: إن رسول‌الله صلى الله علیه وآله قال: «... وأما ابنتی فاطمة، فإنها سیدة نساء العالمین من الاولین والآخرین، وهی بضعة منی، و… إنی لما رأیتها ذکرت ما یصنع بها بعدی، کأنی بها وقد دخل الذل بیتها، وانتهکت حرمتها، وغصبت حقها، ومنعت إرثها، وکسر جنبها، وأسقطت جنینها، وهی تنادی: یا محمداه، فلا تجاب، وتستغیث فلا تغاث، فلا تزال بعدی محزونة مکروبة باکیة،... ثم یبتدئ بها الوجع فتمرض… فتقول عند ذلک: یا رب، إنی قد سئمت الحیاة، وتبرمت بأهل الدنیا، فألحقنی بأبی. فیلحقها الله عز وجل بی، فتکون أول من یلحقنی من أهل بیتی، فتقدم علی محزونة مکروبة مغمومة مغصوبة مقتولة، فأقول عند ذلک: اللهم العن من ظلمها، وعاقب من غصبها، وأذل من أذلها، وخلد فی نارک من ضرب جنبها حتى ألقت ولدها، فتقول الملائکة عند ذلک: آمین…»|ترجمه=Ibn Abbas says: The Messenger of God, peace be upon him and his family, said: "As for my daughter Fatimah, she is the mistress of the women of the worlds, from the first and the last, and she is a part of me... When I see her, I remember what will be done to her after me. It is as if I see her house entered by humiliation, her sanctity violated, her right usurped, her inheritance denied, her side broken, her fetus miscarried, and she cries out: 'O Muhammad!' but receives no answer. She seeks help, but no one helps her. She will remain after me sorrowful, distressed, and weeping... Then pain will begin for her, and she will fall ill... At that point, she will say: 'O Lord, I have grown weary of life and disgusted with the people of the world, so join me with my father.' So God Almighty will join her with me, and she will be the first of my household to join me. She will come to me sorrowful, distressed, grieved, usurped, and killed. At that point, I will say: 'O God, curse whoever wronged her, punish whoever usurped her right, humiliate whoever humiliated her, and eternalize in Your fire whoever struck her side until she miscarried her child.' The angels will then say: 'Amen...'}}.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Fara'id al-Simtayn fi Fada'il al-Murtada wa al-Batul wa al-Sibtayn wa al-A'immah min Dhurriyyatihim |سال=1428|نام=Ibrahim |نام خانوادگی=Juwayni Khurasani|ناشر=Dar al-Habib|جلد=2|صفحه=34|زبان=Arabic|مکان=Qom|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>
* [[Abu al-Fida]] (d. 732 AH), a Sunni historian, writes about the issue of taking allegiance from [[Lady Ali (a)]]: {{متن عربی|وکذلک تخلف عن بیعه أبی بکر أبو سفیان من بنی أمیه ثم إن أبا بکر بعث عمر بن الخطاب إِلى علی ومن معه لیخرجهم من بیت فاطمه رضی الله عنها، وقال: إِن أبوا علیک فقاتلهم. فأقبل عمر بشیء من نار على أن یضرم الدار، فلقیته فاطمه رضی الله عنها وقالت: إِلى أین یا ابن الخطاب؟ أجئت لتحرق دارنا؟ قال: نعم.|ترجمه=And among those who did not pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr from Banu Umayyah was Abu Sufyan. Then Abu Bakr sent Umar ibn al-Khattab to Ali [peace be upon him] and those with him to bring them out of Fatimah's house, may God be pleased with her, and he said: If they refuse you, fight them. So Umar came with something of fire to set the house ablaze; and with that, he came to the door of Fatimah Zahra's house [peace be upon her]. At this moment, Fatimah Zahra [peace be upon her] said: What are you doing, O son of Khattab? Have you come to burn our house [of the Ahl al-Bayt]? Umar said: Yes!}}.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Al-Mukhtasar fi Akhbar al-Bashar|سال=|نام=|نام خانوادگی=Abu al-Fida|ناشر=Intisharat al-Matba'ah al-Husayniyyah al-Misriyyah|جلد=1|صفحه=164|زبان=Arabic|مکان=Cairo|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>
* [[Umar Rida Kahhalah]] (d. 1408 AH), a renowned Sunni researcher and author, states in his book ''[[A'lam al-Nisa]]'', after quoting [[Ibn Qutaybah]]'s narration in ''[[al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah]]'': {{متن عربی|وقال عمر: والذى نفس عمر بیده لتخرجنّ أو لأحرقنّها على من فیها! فقیل له: یا أباحفص إنّ فیها فاطمه!! فقال: وإن.|ترجمه=Umar said: 'By Him in whose hand is Umar's soul, you shall come out, or I will burn it down upon whoever is in it!' He was told: 'O Abu Hafs, Fatimah is in that house!' He replied: 'Even if she is!'}}<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=A'lam al-Nisa|سال=1283|نام=Umar Rida |نام خانوادگی=Kahhalah|ناشر=Mu'assasat al-Risalah|جلد=4|صفحه=114|زبان=Arabic|مکان=|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>

== Views of Sunni Scholars ==
Despite the denial by some Sunni scholars regarding the existence of authentic hadiths and reports in Shi'i sources to prove the attack on Lady Zahra's (a) house, numerous hadiths and reports in Sunni sources also refer to the martyrdom of Lady Zahra (a) and the attack on her house. The views of some Sunni scholars are mentioned below:
* [[Ibn Abi al-Hadid al-Mu'tazili]] (d. 656 AH) quotes his teacher, Abu Ja'far al-Naqib, who made a statement about the miscarriage of [[Muhsin ibn Ali (a)]]. In this narration, he says: {{متن عربی|إذا کانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلّی الله علیه وآله أباحَ دَمَ هَبّارِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، لِأنَّهُ رَوَّعَ زَینَبَ فَألقَت ذا بَطنِها، فَظَهَرَ الحالُ أنَّهُ لَو کانَ حَیّاً لَأباحَ دَمَ مَن رَوَّعَ فاطِمَةَ حَتّی ألقَت ذا بَطنِها.» فَقُلتُ: أروِی عَنک مایَقُولُهُ قَومٌ: «إنَّ فاطِمَةَ رُوِّعَت فَألقَت المُحسِنَ.»؟ فَقالَ: «لاتَروِهِ عَنِّی وَ لا تَروِ عَنِّی بُطلانَهُ، فَإنِّی مُتَوَقِّفٌ فِی هذا المَوضِعِ|ترجمه=When [during the conquest of Mecca] the Messenger of God, peace be upon him and his family, permitted the shedding of Habbār ibn al-Aswad's blood because he frightened Zaynab [the adopted daughter of the Messenger of God, peace be upon him and his family, and one of the Muslim women], causing her to miscarry the child in her womb; it is clear that if he were alive, he would certainly permit the shedding of the blood of whoever frightened Fatimah [peace be upon her] until she miscarried the child in her womb." [Ibn Abi al-Hadid says:] I said: "Should I narrate from you what some people say: 'Fatimah [peace be upon her] was frightened and miscarried Muhsin'?" So [the teacher] replied: "Do not narrate it from me, nor narrate its falsehood from me; for I am hesitant [and remain silent] on this matter."}}.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah Ibn Abi al-Hadid|سال=|نام=|نام خانوادگی=Ibn Abi al-Hadid|ناشر=Isma'iliyan|جلد=14|صفحه=193|زبان=Arabic|مکان=|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref> Abu Ja'far al-Naqib, by comparing the incident of Muhsin ibn Ali's (a) miscarriage with the incident of Zaynab bint Rasul (PBUH), emphasizes the oppression of Fatimah Zahra (a). He points out the similarity between these two incidents, where Sunnis consider Zaynab's death a martyrdom, while Fatimah Zahra (a), who passed away three months after her miscarriage, is often not considered a martyr. This comparison highlights the unequal approach of Sunnis to these events.<ref>{{یادکرد ژورنال|نام۱=Ali|نام خانوادگی۱=Shahroudi|سال=1403|دوره=First|شماره=1|عنوان=A Study of the Authenticity of Narrations of the Attack on Fatimah Zahra's House in Shi'a Sources|صفحه=6-40|ژورنال=Islamical}}</ref>
* [[Hasan Farhan al-Maliki]], a contemporary Sunni scholar, writes about the incident of the attack: {{متن عربی|ولکن حزب علی کان أقل عند بیعة عمر منه عند بیعة أبی بکر الصدیق نظراً لتفرقهم الأول عن علی بسبب ما رواه من بوادر الفتنهٔ آلتی انتهت بمداهمة بیت فاطمة فی أول عهد أبی بکر وإکراه بعض الصحابة الذین کانوا مع علی على بیعة أبی بکر فکانت لهذه الخصومة والمداهمة (وهی ثابتة بأسانید صحیحة) ذکرى مؤلمة لا یحبون تکرارها.|ترجمه=However, Ali's [peace be upon him] party was smaller during Umar's allegiance than during Abu Bakr al-Siddiq's allegiance, due to their initial dispersion from Ali because of what was narrated about the beginnings of the sedition that ended with the raid on Fatimah's house at the beginning of Abu Bakr's reign and the coercion of some companions who were with Ali to pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr. This hostility and raid (which is proven by authentic chains of narration) was a painful memory that they did not like to repeat.}}.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Qira'ah fi Kutub al-Aqa'id al-Madhhab al-Hanbali Namudhajan|سال=1430|نام=Hasan ibn Farhan|نام خانوادگی=al-Maliki|ناشر=Markaz Dirasat al-Tarikhiyyah |جلد=|صفحه=46|زبان=Arabic|مکان=|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref> Hasan Farhan, in the footnote to this passage, writes: {{متن عربی|کنت أظن المداهمة مکذوبة لا تصح، حتى وجدت لها أسانید قویة منها ما أخرجه ابن أبی شیبة فی المصنف بسند صحیح عن أسلم مولى عمر وغیر ذلک.|ترجمه=I initially thought the story of the raid was false and not authentic; until I found strong chains of narration for it, including what Ibn Abi Shaybah narrated in his Musannaf with an authentic chain from Aslam, Umar's freedman, and other such accounts.}}.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Qira'ah fi Kutub al-Aqa'id al-Madhhab al-Hanbali Namudhajan|سال=1430|نام=Hasan ibn Farhan|نام خانوادگی=al-Maliki|ناشر=Markaz Dirasat al-Tarikhiyyah |جلد=|صفحه=46|زبان=Arabic|مکان=|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>
* [[Sayyid Hasan Husayni]], after stating a part of the narration quoted from Ibn Shaybah regarding Umar ibn al-Khattab's threat to burn Fatimah Zahra's (a) house, introduces the source of his narration as follows: {{متن عربی|مصنف ابن أبی شیبة وإسناده صحیح. فهذا هو الثابت الصحیح، والذی ینسجم مع روح ذلک الجیل وتزکیة الله له|ترجمه=Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah, and its chain of narration is authentic. This is what is established and authentic regarding the view of the second caliph towards Lady Zahra, peace be upon her, and it is consistent with the spirit of that generation and God's commendation of it.}}.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Mawsu'at al-Hasan wa al-Husayn|سال=|نام=Sayyid Hasan|نام خانوادگی=Husayni|ناشر=al-Rayyan|جلد=|صفحه=191|زبان=Arabic|مکان=|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>
* [[Abd al-Fattah Abd al-Maqsud]] and his book [[Al-Imam Ali]], he mentions the attack on the house of revelation in two instances in his book, and we will suffice with quoting one of them: By Him in whose hand is Umar's soul, either you come out or I will burn the house upon its inhabitants. Some who feared God and respected the Prophet's (PBUH) status after him said: Abu Hafs, Fatimah is in this house. He shouted fearlessly: So be it. He approached, knocked on the door, then pounded on the door and entered the house. Ali (a) appeared... The resonance of Zahra's voice rose near the entrance... This was her cry for help...<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Ali ibn Abi Talib|نام=Abd al-Fattah|نام خانوادگی=Abd al-Maqsud|ناشر=Maktabat al-Rawdah al-Haydariyyah|جلد=4|صفحه‌ها=277-276}}</ref>
* [[Mas'udi in Muruj al-Dhahab]] writes: "When Abu Bakr was on his deathbed, he said: I did three things and wished I had not done them; one of those three things was: 'Fawadadtu anni lam akun fattashtu bayta Fatimah wa dhakara fi dhalika kalaman kathiran; I wished I had not violated the sanctity of Zahra's house.' He said a lot about this."<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Muruj al-Dhahab|سال=1409|نام=Ali ibn Husayn|نام خانوادگی=Mas'udi|ناشر=Mu'assasat Dar al-Hijrah|جلد=2|صفحه=301|مکان=Qom - Iran}}</ref>
* [[Dhahabi]] in his book [[Mizan al-I'tidal]] quotes [[Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Kufi]] al-Hafiz that in the presence of Ahmad ibn Muhammad, known as Ibn Abi Darim, the Kufi hadith scholar, this report was read: "Inna Umar rafasa Fatimah hatta asqatat bi Muhsin; Umar kicked Fatimah until she miscarried Muhsin."<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Mizan al-I'tidal|نام=Muhammad ibn Ahmad|نام خانوادگی=Dhahabi|ناشر=Dar al-Fikr|صفحه=139|مکان=Beirut - Lebanon}}</ref>
* [[Ibn Abi al-Hadid]] writes: [[Muhammad ibn Yazid ibn Abd al-Akbar al-Baghdadi]], the renowned litterateur and author of famous works, in his book [[Al-Kamil]], narrates from Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf the story of the caliph's wishes, and it is recalled: "Wadadtu anni lam akun kashaftu an bayti Fatimah wa taraktuhu wa law aghlaqa ala al-harb."<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah|سال=1363|نام=Abd al-Hamid ibn Hibat Allah|نام خانوادگی=Ibn Abi al-Hadid|ناشر=Maktabat Ayatollah al-Uzma al-Mar'ashi al-Najafi (RA)|جلد=2|صفحه=46|مکان=Qom - Iran}}</ref>
* [[Ibrahim ibn Sayyar]] al-Nazzam al-Mu'tazili, known as al-Nazzam for the beauty of his prose and poetry, narrates the event after the presence in Fatimah's (a) house in several books. He says: "Inna Umar daraba batna Fatimah yawm al-bay'ah hatta alqat al-Muhsin min batniha; Umar struck Fatimah's stomach on the day of taking allegiance for Abu Bakr, and she miscarried the child in her womb, whom they had named Muhsin!"<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Al-Wafi bi al-Wafiyat|سال=1420|نام=Khalil ibn Aybak|نام خانوادگی=Safadi|ناشر=Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-Arabi|جلد=6|صفحه=17|مکان=Beirut Lebanon}}</ref>
* [[Ibn Abd Rabbih al-Andalusi]], the author of the book [[Al-Iqd al-Farid]], narrates from Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf in his book: I visited Abu Bakr during his illness to inquire about him. After much discussion, he said: I wish I had not done three things, and one of those three things is: I wish I had not opened Fatimah's house, even though they had closed the door for battle.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Iqd al-Farid|سال=1407|نام=Ahmad ibn Muhammad|نام خانوادگی=Ibn Abd Rabbih|ناشر=Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah|جلد=4|صفحه=93|مکان=Beirut - Lebanon}}</ref>
* [[Tabarani]] narrates: Abu Bakr, at the time of his death, wished for certain things and said: I wish I had not done three things, I wish I had done three things, and I wish I had asked the Messenger of God about three things: "Amma al-thalath al-la'i wadadtu anni lam af'alhunna, fawadadtu anni lam akun akshif bayta Fatimah wa taraktuhu..." As for the three things I wish I had not done, I wish I had not violated the sanctity of Fatimah's house and left it alone!<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Mu'jam Kabir Tabarani|نام=Sulayman ibn Ahmad|نام خانوادگی=Tabarani|ناشر=Maktabat Ibn Taymiyyah|صفحه=62|مکان=Cairo - Egypt}}</ref>
* [[Abu Ubayd]], [[Qasim ibn Sallam]], in his book [[Al-Amwal]], which is trusted by Sunni jurists, writes: [[Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf]] says: I went to Abu Bakr's house to visit him during his illness. After much conversation, he said: I wish I had not done three things that I did, and I wish I had done three things that I did not do. I also wish I had asked the Prophet about three things; one of those three things that I did and wish I had not done is: "Wadadtu anni lam akshif bayta Fatimah wa taraktuhu wa in aghlaqa ala al-harb; I wish I had not unveiled the sanctity of Fatimah's house and left it alone, even if it was closed for war." When Abu Ubayd reaches that point, instead of the phrase: "lam akshif bayta Fatimah wa taraktuhu...", he says: "kadha wa kadha" and adds that he is unwilling to mention it. Although Abu Ubayd, out of religious zeal or another reason, refrained from stating the truth, the researchers of the book Al-Amwal state in the footnote: The deleted sentences are included in the book [[Mizan al-I'tidal]], in addition to which Tabarani in his [[Mu'jam]] and [[Ibn Abd Rabbih]] in [[Iqd al-Farid]] and other individuals have included the deleted sentences.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Iqd al-Farid|سال=1407|نام=Ahmad ibn Muhammad|نام خانوادگی=Ibn Abd Rabbih|ناشر=Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah|جلد=4|صفحه=93|مکان=Beirut - Lebanon}}</ref><ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Al-Amwal|نام=Ahmad ibn Nasr|نام خانوادگی=Dawudi|ناشر=Nashr Kulliyat Azhariyyah|صفحه=144|مکان=Beirut|فصل=Footnote 4}}</ref>

==References==
{{پانویس|۲}}
{{شاخه
| شاخه اصلی = History and Biography
| شاخه فرعی۱ = History and Biography of the Infallibles
| شاخه فرعی۲ = Lady Fatimah
| شاخه فرعی۳ =
}}
{{ارزیابی
| شناسه =
| عکس =
| درگاه =
| ادبیات =
| پیوند =
| ناوبری =
| تغییرمسیر =
| ارجاعات =
| ارزیابی کمی =
| ارزیابی کیفی =
| اولویت = ج
| کیفیت = خوب
}}
{{پایان متن}}

[[Category:Caliphate of Imam Ali]]

[[ar:الهجوم على بيت فاطمة الزهراء في مصادر أهل السنة]]
[[az:Fatimənin evinə hücum sünni mənbələrində]]
[[bn:সুন্নি সূত্রে ফাতিমা জাহারার বাড়িতে আক্রমণ]]
[[en:Attack on Fatima's house in Sunni sources]]
[[es:Ataque a la casa de Fátima en fuentes sunitas]]
[[fa:هجوم به خانه حضرت فاطمه در منابع اهل سنت]]
[[fr:L'attaque de la maison de Fatima dans les sources sunnites]]
[[ps:په سني سرچينو کې پر حضرت فاطمه د کور برید]]
[[ru:Нападение на дом Фатимы в суннитских источниках]]
[[ur:اہل سنت کے مآخذ میں حضرت فاطمہ کے گھر پر حملہ]]

Kesan menghafal Al-Quran

2026-02-22T19:43:08Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{شروع متن}}
{{سوال}}
ما هي آثار حفظ القرآن؟ وهل ورد ذكر حفظ القرآن في الروايات؟
{{پایان سوال}}
{{پاسخ}}
{{بوابة|القرآن}}

'''حفظ القرآن'''، له آثار وبركات كثيرة منها: مصاحبة الملائكة؛ شرف الأمة وعظمتها؛ الأمان من عذاب الله؛ مغفرة الذنوب؛ الأجر المضاعف؛ الوصول إلى مقام الشفاعة؛ درجات الجنة؛ أجر مثل أجر الأنبياء؛ الهداية؛ تقوية الذاكرة.

== حفظ القرآن توفيق إلهي ==
[[القرآن الكريم والتعريف بأهدافه|القرآن]]، هو أعظم وأسمى هدية من الله للبشرية، وحفظه هو أحد التوفيقات الإلهية التي لا تشمل كل أحد. المداومة على تلاوة القرآن وحفظه عامل لكثير من التوفيقات والبركات الإلهية، ومن اعتاد على تلاوة القرآن وحفظه وتدبر مفاهيمه، فلن ينساها.<ref>محمود جويباري، آموزش حفظ قرآن، ص 11.</ref>

== آثار وبركات حفظ القرآن الكريم ==
[[حفظ القرآن]] له آثار وبركات، نذكر بعضها:

* '''مصاحبة الملائكة:''' مصاحبة [[الملائكة]]، من الآثار الأخروية لحفظ القرآن الكريم. [[الإمام الصادق (ع)|الإمام الصادق (ع)]] يقول: {{نص عربي|حافظ القرآن العامل به، مع السفرة الكرام البررة.}} <ref>الكليني، محمد بن يعقوب، الكافي، طهران، دار الكتب الإسلامية، الطبعة الرابعة، 1407 هـ، ج2، ص603.</ref>
* '''شرف الأمة وعظمتها:''' قال الإمام الصادق (ع) إن حافظ القرآن يدخل في عداد عظماء الأمة: {{نص عربي|أشراف أمتي حملة القرآن وأصحاب الليل.}} <ref>ابن بابويه، محمد بن علي، من لا يحضره الفقيه، ترجمة: غفاري، علي أكبر وغفاري، محمد جواد وبلاغي، صدر، طهران، نشر صدوق، الطبعة الأولى، 1367 ش، ج6، ص346.</ref>
* '''الأمان من عذاب الله:''' في الروايات وعود بالأمان من عذاب الله لحفظة القرآن. [[أمير المؤمنين (ع)|أمير المؤمنين (ع)]] يقول: {{نص عربي|اقرأوا القرآن واستظهروه، فإن الله تعالى لا يعذب قلباً وعى القرآن.}} <ref>المجلسي، محمد باقر بن محمد تقي، بحار الأنوار، بيروت، دار إحياء التراث العربي، الطبعة الثانية، 1403 هـ، ج89، ص19.</ref>
* '''مغفرة الذنوب:''' شمول المغفرة الإلهية، من الخصائص والآثار الأخرى لحفظ القرآن، وقد ورد في رواية عن النبي الأكرم (ص): {{نص عربي|من قرأ القرآن عن ظهر قلب، وظن أن الله تعالى لا يغفر له، فهو ممن استهزأ بآيات الله.}} <ref>النوري، حسين، مستدرك الوسائل، قم، مؤسسة آل البيت عليهم السلام، 1408 هـ، ج4، ص269.</ref>
* '''الأجر المضاعف:''' ذكر أجر مضاعف لمن يسعى لحفظ القرآن. قال الإمام الصادق (ع): {{نص عربي|من اجتهد في تعلم القرآن، وحفظه بصعوبة لقلة حفظه، فله أجران.}} <ref>الكليني، محمد بن يعقوب، الكافي، طهران، دار الكتب الإسلامية، الطبعة الرابعة، 1407 هـ، ج2، ص606.</ref>
* '''الوصول إلى مقام الشفاعة:''' قبول شفاعة حافظ القرآن في حق أفراد عائلته، من الوعود التي أعطيت لهؤلاء الأشخاص. قال النبي محمد (ص): {{نص عربي|من قرأ القرآن حتى يحفظه، أدخله الله الجنة، ويقبل شفاعته في عشرة من أهل بيته قد وجبت لهم النار.}} <ref>الطبرسي، فضل بن حسن، مجمع البيان في تفسير القرآن، ترجمة: مجموعة من المترجمين، طهران، فراهاني، الطبعة الأولى، ج1، ص30.</ref>
* '''درجات الجنة:''' الاستفادة من أعلى درجات الجنة، وعد أخروي آخر لحفظة القرآن. نقل عن النبي الأكرم (ص): {{نص عربي|درجات الجنة بعدد آيات القرآن، فإذا دخل صاحب القرآن الجنة، يقال له: اقرأ وارتق، فإن لكل آية درجة. فلا درجة أعلى من درجة حافظ القرآن.}} <ref>المجلسي، محمد باقر بن محمد تقي، بحار الأنوار، بيروت، دار إحياء التراث العربي، الطبعة الثانية، 1403 هـ، ج89، ص22.</ref>
* '''أجر مثل أجر الأنبياء:''' قيل إن حفظة القرآن يكسبون أجراً مثل أجر الأنبياء. قال النبي الأكرم (ص) لسلمان الفارسي: {{نص عربي|يا سلمان،... إن أفضل العباد عند الله بعد الأنبياء هم العلماء، ثم القراء وحفظة القرآن. إنهم يموتون مثل الأنبياء، ويحشرون معهم من القبور، ويمرون معهم على الصراط، وينالون أجرهم (من الله).}} <ref>المجلسي، محمد باقر بن محمد تقي، بحار الأنوار، بيروت، دار إحياء التراث العربي، الطبعة الثانية، 1403 هـ، ج89، ص17.</ref>
* '''الهداية:''' يقول الإمام علي (ع): {{نص عربي|ما جالس هذا القرآن أحد إلا قام عنه بزيادة أو نقصان: زيادة في هدى، أو نقصان من عمى.}} <ref>الشريف الرضي، محمد بن حسين، نهج البلاغة، قم، هجرت، الطبعة الأولى، 1414 هـ، ص252، الخطبة 176.</ref>
* '''تقوية الذاكرة:''' من مميزات حفظ القرآن الكريم، تقوية الذاكرة أثناء حفظ القرآن، وقد أشير إلى ذلك في الروايات.<ref>ابن بابويه، محمد بن علي، من لا يحضره الفقيه، قم، دفتر انتشارات إسلامي، الطبعة الثانية، 1413 هـ، ج4، ص365.</ref> <ref>الطوسي، محمد بن الحسن، تهذيب الأحكام، طهران، دار الكتب الإسلامية، الطبعة الرابعة، 1407 هـ، ج4، ص191.</ref> وبما أن حفظ هذا الكتاب السماوي يعتمد على التكرار المستمر والتلاوة الكثيرة، فإن حفظ القرآن بطبيعة الحال سيقوي الذاكرة أيضاً.<ref>حسيني، مجتبى، سيماي حافظان نور، صص 47 إلى 53 و 61 إلى 65.</ref>

== للمزيد من الدراسة ==
* آثار حفظ القرآن ودرك مفاهيم آن؛ منصوره مسلمي، مهديه به‌نژاد‌فر
* كتاب حفظ قرآن و آثار روان شناختي آن؛ مصطفى عباسي‌مقدم، محمدرضا تمنايي‌فر، عصمت كاشي

{{پایان پاسخ}}

== المصادر ==
{{حواشي|2}}
{{فرع
| فرع رئيسي = علوم ومعارف القرآن
| فرع فرعي1 =
| فرع فرعي2 =
| فرع فرعي3 =
}}
{{تكملة مقال
| معرف = تم
| عناوين = تم
| تحرير = تم
| ربط = تم
| تصفح =
| فهرس =
| إعادة توجيه = تم
| مراجع =
| مراجعة كمية = تم
| مراجعة =
| إكمال =
| أولوية = ب
| جودة = ب
}}
{{پایان متن}}

[[تصنيف:قواعد عربية]]

[[ar:تأثيرات حفظ القرآن]]
[[az:Qurani-Kərimi əzbərləməyin təsirləri]]
[[bn:কুরআন মুখস্থ করার প্রভাব]]
[[en:Effects of Quran memorization]]
[[es:Efectos de la memorización del Corán]]
[[fa:تاثیرات حفظ قرآن]]
[[fr:Impacts de la mémorisation du Coran]]
[[ps:اغېزې د قرآن حفظولو]]
[[ru:Влияние заучивания Корана наизусть]]
[[ur:حفظ قرآن کے اثرات]]